Exploratory research is a methodology approach that investigates research questions that have not previously been studied in depth. It is often used when the issue you’re studying is new or when the data collection process is challenging in some way. This type of research design is used to investigate a research question when the researcher has limited knowledge or understanding of the topic or phenomenon under study.

The primary objective of exploratory research is to gain insights and gather preliminary information that can help the researcher better define the research problem and develop hypotheses or research questions for further investigation. It is used to gain insights and understanding of a research problem or question where there is limited existing knowledge or understanding.

Exploratory research is often qualitative in nature and relies on qualitative methods, such as in-depth interviews, focus groups, or observation, to gather rich and detailed data on the research problem. However, a study with a large sample conducted in an exploratory manner can be quantitative as well.

In terms of data collection, exploratory research is often divided into primary and secondary research methods, with data analysis following the same model. Primary research methods involve collecting new data through interviews, surveys, or observations, while secondary research methods involve analyzing data that has already been collected, such as through existing literature or databases.

Exploratory research is flexible and open-ended, allowing researchers to explore a wide range of ideas and perspectives without being constrained by specific research questions or hypotheses. It is generally limited in scope, focusing on a specific research problem or question, rather than attempting to provide a comprehensive analysis of a broader phenomenon.

This type of research is also preliminary in nature, providing initial insights and understanding of a research problem, rather than testing specific hypotheses or making definitive conclusions. It is often an iterative process, where the research design and methods may be refined and adjusted as new insights and understanding are gained.

One of the main advantages of exploratory research is that it provides initial insights and understanding of a research problem or question, where there is limited existing knowledge or understanding. It can help to identify patterns, relationships, and potential hypotheses that can guide further research.

It's also cost-effective as it is often less costly than other research methods, such as large-scale surveys or experiments. It is typically conducted on a smaller scale, using fewer resources and participants.

In practice, exploratory research can be used in a variety of situations such as new product development, exploring emerging technologies, developing research hypotheses, understanding complex phenomena, and developing research methods.

Overall, exploratory research is a crucial first step in any research process, providing the researcher with a deeper understanding of the issue at hand and guiding the direction for further, more detailed investigation.